数码时代_数码时代英语短语

社交媒体让人丧失思辨能力

 

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原文期刊：数字时代言论还应交由法律管理原文标题：无考研英语阅读话题-社交媒体美国的搜索和社交媒体正在垄断和统治网络广告收入，现在美国的网络媒体公司收入停滞甚至负增长，它们陷入了困境，被迫裁员或削减预算，这一困境被认为是两方面因素造成的: 2016年第一季度，每一美元的网络广告投入有85美分落入了谷歌或Facebook的口袋。

（社交媒体垄断）只是我们进入社交媒体时代，突然我们发现新闻行业完全发生了变化，人们仿佛突然不需要新闻了，只需要观点、评论和情绪，甚至谣言和假新闻得到更多传播和援引，以及某种意义的认同社交媒体的一个很大的问题就是，你会慢慢取关那些和你的观念尤其是三观不相符的人，慢慢的你的身边聚集的就只剩下与你三观一致的人，这时候你就会觉得自己的三观是社会的主流，是正确的，但很多时候，这样的认为是危险的。

这就是回声室效应，所以说兼听则明但真想做到太难，人不愿走出舒适区 社交媒体传播最大的问题是信息的不平等，越是偏激、矛盾和冲突的观点内容传播越广，权重越高这导致了冷静、客观和高含金量内容被逆向淘汰 （社交媒体内容）

本文选自The Guardian《卫报》2018.03.18本文以Facebook数据泄露事件切入，介绍了社交媒体随垄断加剧而破坏力剧增的现实趋势，并驳斥了社交媒体自身在解决问题上的幻想，最终呼吁网络内容应交由法律管控。

主要亮点：脉络结构清晰：引出问题并予以分析（第一、二段）——介绍当前状况（第三段）——否定错误做法，提出建议（第四、五段）Part 1原文Ⅰ  The revelations we publish about how Facebooks data was used by Cambridge Analytica to subvert the openness of democracy are only the latest examples of a global phenomenon. YouTube can not only profit from disturbing content but in unintended ways rewards its creation. The algorithms that guide viewers to new choices aim always to intensify the experience, and to keep the viewer excited. Recent research found that the nearly 9,000 YouTube videos explaining away American school shootings as the results of conspiracies using actors to play the part of victims had been watched, in total, more than 4bn times. Four billion page views is an awful lot of potential advertising revenue; it is also, in an embarrassingly literal sense, traffic in human misery and exploitation. 。

Ⅱ  None of these problems is new, and all of them will grow worse and more pressing in the coming years, as the technology advances. Yet the real difficulty is not the slickness of the technology but the willingness of the audience to be deceived and its desire to have its prejudices gratified. Many of the most destructive videos on YouTube consist of one man roaring into a camera without any visual aids at all. Twitter uses no fancy technology yet lies spread across that network six times as fast as true stories.

Ⅲ   Although Twitter and YouTube pose undoubted difficulties for democracies, it is Facebook that has borne the brunt of recent criticism, in part because its global ambitions have led it to expand into countries where it is essentially the only gateway to the wider internet. The companys ambitions to become the carrier of all content (and thus able to sell advertising against everything online) have led it inexorably into the position of being the universal publisher.

Ⅳ   The difficulties of this position cannot be resolved by the facile idea of the “community values” to which Facebook appeals — and, anyway, that only begs the question:“Which community?”Mark Zuckerberg talks about a "global community” but such a thing does not exist and may never do so. Communities have different values and different interests, which sometimes appear existentially opposed. Almost all will define themselves, at least in part, against other communities. The task of reconciling the resulting conflicts is political, cultural and even religious; it is not technological at all. For a private American advertising company to set itself up as the arbiter of all the worlds political and cultural conflicts is an entirely vain ambition.

Ⅴ   Into the vacuum left by Facebooks waffle, nation states are stepping. Many are keen to use surveillance capitalism for direct political ends. They must be resisted. The standards by which the internet is controlled need to be open and subject to the workings of impartial judiciaries. But the task cannot and will not be left to the advertising companies that at present control most of the content — and whose own judgments are themselves almost wholly opaque and arbitrary. 

Part 2词汇短语1. revelation [ˌrevəˈleɪʃn] n.揭发,暴露;被揭露出来的事物2. disturbing [dɪˈstɜːbɪŋ] a.令人不安的;引起恐慌的3. explain away为……辩解

4. conspiracy [kənˈspɪrəsɪ] n.阴谋;共谋;反叛5. awful [ˈɔːfl] a.非常的;可怕的,糟糕的6. literal [ˈlɪtərəl] a.照字面的;原义的7. gratify [ˈgrætɪfaɪ] v.使高兴;使满意

8. roar [rɔːr] v.咆哮;吼叫9. fancy [ˈfænsɪ] a.异常复杂的;太花哨的;昂贵的10. bear/take/suffer the brunt of 受到最严厉的攻击[批评];首当其冲

11. inexorably [ɪnˈeksərəblɪ] ad.不可阻挡地12. existential[ˌe13. reconcile[ˈrekənsaɪl]v.使和解;调停14. facile [ˈfæsaɪl] a.轻率作出的;不动脑筋的;肤浅的

15. vacuum [ˈvækjʊəm] n.真空;空虚16. judiciary [dʒuˈdɪʃərɪ] n.司法制度17. opaque [əʊˈpeɪk] a.不透明的,隐晦的18. arbitrary [ˈɑːbɪtrərɪ] a.独断的;专制的

19.waffle [ˈwɒfl] n.胡扯;动听而无意义的话Part 3长难句语法点拨

本句主干为the task cannot and will not be left to the advertising companies，其后有两个定语从句界定这类广告公司的特点：that at present control most of the content指出这些广告公司控制大多数内容，whose own judgments are themselves almost wholly opaque and arbitrary指出这类公司的判断不透明且专断。

Part 3写作句型借鉴Although AA pose undoubted difficulties for XX, it is BB that has borne the brunt of recent criticism, in part because YY.

尽管AA无疑给XX带来了难题，但是最近首当其冲挨批的是BB，部分原因在于YY原文例句：Although Twitter and YouTube pose undoubted difficulties for democracies, it is Facebook that has borne the brunt of recent criticism, in part because its global ambitions have led it to expand into countries where it is essentially the only gateway to the wider internet. 尽管推特和YouTube无疑给民主带来了难题，但是最近首当其冲挨批的是Facebook，部分原因在于它的全球野心使其扩张至那些实质上只能借Facebook通向更广互联网的国家。

 The difficulties of this position cannot be resolved by the facile idea of XX to which AA appeals — and, anyway, that only begs the question:“……?”该处境的难题是AA所呼吁的XX这一肤浅想法无力解决的，它只会引起这样的疑问：“……？”

原文例句：The difficulties of this position cannot be resolved by the facile idea of the “community values” to which Facebook appeals — and, anyway, that only begs the question:“Which community?” 该处境的难题是Facebook所呼吁的“群体价值”这一肤浅想法无力解决的，它只会回避问题的实质：“哪一个群体？”

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